Over the years, we have published various articles on how Forest Gate was impacted by the First World War. On the 110th anniversary of its outbreak, this post summarises them, with links to the greater details provided in each.
Troops on the battle fronts
Elliott Taylor and Barney Alston published Up The Hammers to mark the centenary of the outbreak of World War 1. It is available from Newham Bookshops and other reliable book retailers. It is the story of the West Ham Battalion (known as the Hammers Brigade) from its establishment in Forest Gate in December 1914 until its demise and amalgamation with other detachments following severe losses in 1918.
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| Recruitment poster for Hammers Battalion |
We published two articles based on it, featuring the lives of Forest Gate soldiers: here and here. The first covered the period until the first day of the Battle of the Somme (1 July 1916), and the second covered the period until the battalion's disbandment in January 1918.
A significant local figure in the battalion was William Walter Busby of Sherrard Road, a local Congregationalist and scout leader, who was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry during the Battle of the Somme and who was killed on the fateful night of 26/27 November that year, when over 170 members of the Battalion were killed at the Battle of Ancre.
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| Forest Gate's William Walter Busby MC |
Other Forest Gate soldiers whose roles were recognised by Taylor and Alston and whose stories we relate included: Bernard Page, Leonard and Alan Holthusen, Gilbert Simpson, Arthur Davies, Alfred Sekles, Private EM Wilding, Private Robert Lee, Hubert Ayres, Joseph Sait, Arnold Hone, Cpl Frederick Hunt, Sgt Harold Joseph Morrison, and 2/Lt George Gemmell.
Their stories and their experiences are summarised in the blog articles but well told in Taylor and Alston’s book.
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| Cover of Taylor and Alston's book |
The home front
We have been fortunate to have access to almost a century of the Godwin Road school logbook, including how the war impacted the school, its pupils, and the wider community. We published details of the impact here, in an article and series of diary entries that featured:
· Deaths of former Godwin pupils during the conflict;
· Assistance Godwin pupils gave to the war effort;
· How war-induced fuel and food shortages impacted Forest Gate;
· Impact of air raids on the district;
· Attempts to provide "business as usual" in the school; and
· The impact of the Spanish flu epidemic of 1919 on Godwin.
West Ham borough suffered 2,035 civilian and military deaths during World War 1; the exact number of the Forest Gate death toll is not known.
1915 post Lusitania sinking anti-German riots
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| Contemporary photo of anti-German East End riots |
After the onset of war, the biggest upsurge in anti-German feeling locally came nine months after the outbreak of hostilities; and followed the sinking of the Lusitania on 7 May 1915. There was a significant amount of rioting and looting of German premises in both Forest Gate and Manor Park by Forest Gate residents, reported by the Stratford Express.
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| Stratford Express reports the riots |
Extensive extracts from the paper identified locations of the rioting and looting; these included:
· 341 Green Street (now the library)
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| What is now Green St library attacked |
· Manor Park Broadway
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| What is now Manor Park library attacked |
· Station Road, Manor Park
· Romford Road
· Green Street and
· Sebert Road
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| Bonheim's the furriers, Sebert Road attacked |
We were also able to identify over a dozen local looters and rioters, successfully prosecuted in Stratford Magistrates Court.
The anti-German riots article can be accessed here.
Conscientious Objectors
We accessed several primary sources, secondary reference sites, and books to find considerable details of 48 Forest Gate people who claimed Conscientious Objector (COs) status during WWI and provided details of them here. On a pro-rata basis, given the total number of COs registered nationally, Forest Gate could have expected to have been home to only eight. It is not entirely clear why the local number would appear to have been so disproportionately high.
We found ten local Quaker COs (John Edwin Davies, Alexander Stewart Fryer, Frank George Hobart, Ernest George Mountford, Reginald William Mountford, George Leonard Pratt, William Ronald Read, Frank Augustus Root, Robert Sandy, and George Alfred Weller).
Twenty other local COs quoted religious objections as grounds
for seeking exemption from military service. Some were Jehovah's Witnesses, but
others were members of the Church of England (CofE) and its fundamentally
pacifist arm, the International Bible Students' Association (IBSA).
Two of the 48 claimed political objections to fighting (Edmund Howarth and
Frederick Thompson, the former described as an
"Anarchist/Communist/ Athiest" and the latter as a member of the
Independent Labour Party).
There were four local Absolutists who refused to enlist or undertake any work
that could be seen as supporting the war effort. They had a totally torrid
time. They were Howarth, Thompson (above), Frank Augustus Root, and George
Arthur Weller.
Twenty-one of the Forest Gate 48 served prison sentences because of their CO status - some in several prisons. Fifteen - almost a third of local COs spent time in Wormwood Scrubs, four in Winchester, two in Dartmoor, and one each in Maidstone, Pentonville, Newhaven, and Wakefield, while four spent time in unspecified prisons.
The fate of several Forest Gate WW1 war memorials
About twenty varied war memorials were erected after World War 1 in the Forest Gate area. As far as is possible to tell, about half of them have subsequently been lost or destroyed. The article chronicling their fate can be accessed here.
About half of the memorials we featured were in churches and
synagogues; some have been subsequently lost or destroyed as a result of Second
World War bomb damage, while others were not saved when churches and a
synagogue were demolished.
War memorial: All Saints church
Forest Gate's major cemeteries have Commonwealth War Grave memorials and about 300 individual graves and plots with headstones.
CWGC memorial Woodgrange Park cemetery
There are a small number of other employment or school-specific memorials to the WW1 fallen, including at St Bonaventure school, the Royal Mail Sorting Office, and one recently installed outside Forest Gate police station.
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| War memorial outside Forest Gate police station, erected during centenary of war |
In all war conflicts, some deeply tragic personal stories illustrate the human cost and suffering of the wider story. This blog has featured two very different case studies, both resulting in devastation and death caused by the “War to end all wars.” One was a love affair that ended in death on a battlefield, and the second was a horrific murder case undoubtedly induced by post-traumatic stress disorder.
The diaries of two local lovers whose affair was extinguished on the battlefields
A decade ago, local resident Paul Holloway
self-published an account of a romance between his Forest Gate grandmother, May
Larby, and a friend she met while travelling to London to college—fellow Forest
Gater Jack Richardson. The book was called There Are No Flowers Here. We
published a story summary in two articles, here and here.
May Larby
The romance between the couple, who lived within half a mile of each other, only lasted two years, but May lovingly remembered it for the rest of her life through the precious letters they exchanged during its brief duration.
May’s daughter from her later marriage, Elizabeth, kept these letters, and Paul transcribed and published them on her death, in remembrance of the two women and Jack.
The first episode of the series tells how the couple met and how their friendship blossomed until Jack, having enlisted in the City of London Fusiliers, was sent to the front line in France in early 1915.
The second episode of the blog records Jack’s
experiences in the trenches until his final message to May:
Jack Richardson
“While the weather lasts, I think on the whole, I would rather be in the trenches than in billets. I scarcely ever sleep comfortably in town because I expect to be called up with an alarm every night I hear the gunfire; here the guns boom all night and one doesn’t notice it.
"My beloved, these days of
sunshine make me feel only a matter of weeks or a month or so before I see you
again - I dream of it at night."
Sadly, it was not to be. On Sunday, 25 April 1915, Jack was wounded, having
been reconnoitering in front of his trench at night with his sergeant. He died
of these wounds on Friday, 7 May 1915, aged 22.
Jack's memorial scroll
May later married Richard Williams and had four children. She became a successful mathematician, was awarded a CBE for her contribution to maths in education, and died in 1986, aged 91. But the memory of that brief affair lingered with her till the end - 70 years on; individual testimony to the lasting grief that the 'war to end all wars' brought to so many.
The 1919 Forest Gate Murders – a Post-Traumatic Distress Syndrome case study
Some of the most horrific local civilian deaths resulting from World War 1 came six months after the cessation of hostilities when four members of the Cornish family were murdered in their home, Stockley Road in April 1919.
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| The murdered Cornish family |
Henry Perry, aka Beckett, was executed by hanging at Pentonville jail on 10 July 1919 for the murders - and so became the last person judicially executed for Forest Gate-related killings.
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| Case reported |
The story of the killings and subsequent trial is a horrific one, covered on the blog here. Perry, a war veteran, pleaded insanity, but this was dismissed. PTSD was not a well-understood condition at the end of World War 1. “Shell shock” was probably as close an understanding of the condition that existed then, but it was not accepted as a defence.
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| Henry Perry aka Beckett, as a soldier |
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